話說有一晚真係好無聊，我走去 pubmed.gov （一個好出名嘅學術論文database），搵affiliation: hong kong（即係搵晒用香港嘅大學名義出嘅學術論文），然後㩒last page（佢係按時序排嘅，最新到最舊），睇吓最後一份會搵到啲咩。
咁圖入面呢份就並非最尾嗰份，而係尾五。但係佢係Pubmed入面第一份以香港嘅大學名義出嘅文（當然係港大啦）。呢份文叫”The Measurement of Diaphysial Growth in Proximal and Distal Directions.”，係1916年喺Journal of Anatomy度刊登嘅，作者係Kenelm H. Digby。
咁我就好奇想睇吓呢個人出過咩文啦。除咗1916年呢份，Pubmed上面仲搵到四份佢嘅文，分別係1926年、1950年、1951年、1954年出嘅。前三份都係用港大做affiliation，不過1950年嗰份佢已經係emeritus professor，即係榮休教授。去到1954年個affiliation直情變咗做”Royal College of Surgeons in England, London”，應該代表佢返咗去倫敦。
咁我繼續好奇查吓呢個人啦，發覺原來竟然可以喺維基搵到佢！Digby 1884年喺英國出世，廿九歲嚟咗香港做教授（1913年），一留就留咗三十幾年，到1949年先返倫敦養老。港大1911年成立，即係成立咗冇耐佢就嚟教書。再搵吓資料，發覺醫學院院長梁卓偉有寫過一篇文講佢！原來港大解剖學院喺1913年先成立，而Digby就係第一個解剖學院嘅教授。到1915年，佢年方三十一歲就出任港大醫學院院長。
另外有兩篇近期刊登喺Journal of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Rehabilitation嘅文亦都係以Digby為主角。入面講到：
「香港現代外科手術可以話始於1913年當Guy’s Hospital Medical School嘅畢業生KH Digby喺新成立嘅香港大學度出任解剖學主任一職。」
“Modern surgery in Hong Kong may be said to have begun in 1913 with the appointment of Kenelm Hutchinson Digby (1884-1954), a graduate of Guy’s Hospital Medical School, to the Chair of Anatomy at the newly founded University of Hong Kong.”
又有另一份寫：
「Kenelm Hutchinson Digby係William Arbuthnot Lane團隊下嘅一位醫師。佢喺1913年嚟到遠東，成為新成立嘅香港大學之中一位教授。Digby將佢導師嘅一套思維帶入香港，亦都為香港帶進現代外科手術嘅實踐。」
“One of his registrars, Kenelm Hutchinson Digby, came to the Far East in 1913 as one of the first professors in the newly founded University of Hong Kong. Digby brought his former mentor’s ideas to Hong Kong and inaugurated the practice of modern surgery there.”
咁嘅話，睇嚟Digby可以算係香港外科手術之父。
另外，Digby亦喺好早期就確立科研喺大學嘅必要性。1924年，佢喺香港大學醫學會（The University of Hong Kong Medical Society）度致辭，內容係有關醫學研究，入面講到：
「科研係大學工作入面不可或缺嘅一環。自大學成立開始，我哋今日終於有機會將醫學院臨床嗰方面提升到大學應有嘅科研水平。
Research is an essential and integral part of the University work and for the first time since the foundation of the University it will be possible to raise the clinical side of the Medical Faculty to University standard in this respect.
「科研係我哋對中國同中國人嘅特別責任，大學喺呢方面責無旁貸，唔單止要提供器材，亦都要鼓勵學生，喺佢哋中間營造對科研嘅熱誠。
Research is an especial obligation upon China and the Chinese. It is incumbent upon the University to provide facilities and encouragement and to foster the spirit of research in students.
「研究有分兩種，一種係「觀察」，另一種可以稱為「理念」或者「想象」。研究要成功，必須兩者俱備，既要觀察事實，亦要產生新嘅諗法。
There are two kinds of research, the first is ‘observational’; the second may be called ‘ideational or imaginative’. Successful research involves two processes: observation of facts and the origination of new ideas.
「大學嘅工作就係要培養呢種追求原創性嘅習慣。要產生到優良嘅理念性研究，有兩種能力係必須嘅－就係想象力同批判能力。要同時擁有呢兩種能力，仲要加上觀察入微嘅才能。
It is the business of a university to cultivate the habit of originality. To produce good ideational research it is necessary to have two faculties: imagination and critical sense. Both faculties must be present together in addition to powers of observation.
「研究的確係重要，但係唔可以蓋過教學嘅重要性。一位卓越嘅老師唔單係以自己嘅研究成果去估量自己嘅成就，更加係視乎佢嘅學生同追隨者能夠做到點樣嘅研究。
The importance of research should not overshadow the importance of teaching. A really great teacher is to be measured not only by his own research but even more by the research and other work of his students and followers.”
其實成段講辭係好精彩，唔單止講到大學嘅理念，亦精簡咁解釋科學精神，仲探討研究嘅方法、教學嘅重要、對學生嘅鼓勵、跨學科研究嘅重要性等等，其實今日聽都唔覺得過時。（我將段講辭放喺最後）
香港淪陷時期，瑪麗醫院被日軍佔用。當時Digby唔肯同日軍合作，於是被囚禁喺赤柱拘留營。佢喺營入面成立醫院及手術室，同埋繼續召開校務會議。嗰陣香港大學嘅教務委員會（即係啲大粒佬）喺營入面一個叫「巨石陣」”Stonehenge”舉行秘密會議，諗落都幾驚險。佢哋喺會入面商討到醫科生嘅「戰時學位」頒佈事宜，亦有談及港大被戰火破壞嘅程度，同埋被肆意搶掠嘅慘況。而且因為營入面環境惡劣，Digby要湊合物資先令到醫務所運作到。除此之外，喺唔同人嘅日記入面都有提及到Digby親自落手幫傷者病者做手術，盡咗醫生嘅職責。到香港重光冇耐，佢因為身體同精神都不復當年勇嘅緣故，最後離開香港返英國過退休生活，1954年過身。
無無聊聊竟然搵到啲咁嘅嘢，都幾有趣。
最後，呢份一百年前香港出產嘅文係講咩㗎呢？份文係研究長骨(Long bone)嘅生長過程。一條長骨生長嘅時候會向兩邊伸延，但兩邊生長嘅程度一唔一樣呢？要答呢條問題都唔容易。要量度到，你就要先知道條骨最早期形成嘅係邊個位置。當你知道咗最早形成個位置，咁就只需要量度返一頭一尾同最早形成嗰個位置個距離，咁就斷定到究竟係頭(Proximal end)嗰邊生得多啲、尾嗰邊(Distal End)生得多啲、定係其實兩邊生得一樣多。
但係點搵「最早形成個位置」呢？靠嘅就係長骨上面嘅一個窿(nutrient foramina)、一條細管道(Nutrient canal)。原來骨中間係會有個窿畀血管伸入去骨髓腔(Medullary Cavity)，提供養份畀條骨入面啲骨髓(Bone marrow)。喺成年人嘅長骨度，呢條管道係打斜咁伸入去骨嘅內部。呢條管道係長骨形成初期就存在，而且按住呢條管嘅形成同生長方式，只要順住條管一直指向骨嘅縱向中心（即係將條骨打直，從上而下／從下而上睇嗰個中心點），指出嚟嗰個位就係「最早形成個位置」。
搵到呢個位置之後，只需要簡單量度就知條骨喺邊一邊生長得多啲。Digby呢份文就係發現原來唔同嘅骨係會有唔同，有啲係頭嗰邊生多啲，有啲係尾嗰邊生多啲。
—
講辭
Presidential Address on Clinical Research：
“At the end of every year each clinical unit must be able to look back upon a record of work attempted to enlarge the bounds of human knowledge; if it cannot do this it has partly failed. Research is an essential and integral part of the University work and for the first time since the foundation of the University it will be possible to raise the clinical side of the Medical Faculty to University standard in this respect. Research is an especial obligation upon China and the Chinese. It is incumbent upon the University to provide facilities and encouragement and to foster the spirit of research in students.
There are two kinds of research, the first is ‘observational’; the second may be called ‘ideational or imaginative’. Successful research involves two processes: observation of facts and the origination of new ideas. The richer a piece of research is in original ideas, the more highly should we appraise its quality. For observational research (even if devoid of ideational elements) perhaps not requiring such high intellectual faculties, may yet be of very great usefulness to mankind. It is the basis for and the touchstone of all imaginative work. Much study of the anatomy, physiology and pathology of the European and American requires to be repeated on the Chinese. These attempts to secure physiological and other standards for the Chinese race will not only be of value in them but may lead to original ideas and methods.
Ideational research must be founded upon and tested by observation. In the observation of facts one requires accuracy and patience and adding a sceptical frame of mind. Most people can cultivate by training some ability in observational research. It merely requires talent. Ideational research on the other hand demands a far higher quality approach to and sometimes reaching genius. The ability to form fresh mental concepts is inborn and might seem to be extremely rare. It is the business of a university to cultivate the habit of originality.
To produce good ideational research it is necessary to have two faculties: imagination and critical sense. Both faculties must be present together in addition to powers of observation. Imagination without the critical sense leads to insanity; critical sense without imagination is purely destructive; observation without either imagination or critical faculty produces stupidity. A critical sense should be one of the aims of all education, encourage what constitutes evidence should be an integral part of every university curriculum. The researcher must force himself to be critical.
Ideational research cannot be machine-made to order. It can however, be encouraged. The researcher benefits by having to teach and by contact with the fresh young minds of his students. The teacher benefits by research which keeps alive his interest in his subject and prevents him becoming mechanical and dreary. Contact with patients and students are of paramount importance. A line of research may often lead one outside one’s own specialty, much of the research work of the future must be team-work carried on jointly by the specialists in different departments. The importance of research should not overshadow the importance of teaching. A really great teacher is to be measured not only by his own research but even more by the research and other work of his students and followers.
(Presidential address on medical research, Caduceus, 3 (1924), pp. 31-36)
－－－
The Measurement of Diaphysial Growth in Proximal and Distal Directions
21 Jan 1942, Chronology of Events Related to Stanley Civilian Internment Camp
23 Feb 1942, Chronology of Events Related to Stanley Civilian Internment Camp
21 Aug 1942, BAAG Reports and Weekly Intelligence Summaries
為何今天好像剩下Mirror 一個偶團？
我去到2021年先唔再睇TVB——正向聯想 (Positive Association)
分手咪分手囉，三口六面講清楚好難咩？
【遊戲介紹】做個中世紀領主 《Going Medieval》極多玩法暗藏食人肉滿足饑餓度
薛定諤人生最尷尬的恥笑——薛定諤的貓實驗
寫於與舊單位分手之前——習慣化 (Habituation)
2017年11月2日
